IMPLICIT THEORIES OF CREATIVITY ACROSS CULTURES Novelty and Appropriateness in Two Product Domains

نویسندگان

  • SUSANNAH B. F. PALETZ
  • KAIPING PENG
چکیده

創造性を考えたときに新奇性 (novelty) と適切性 (appropriateness)は異なる文化におい ても同じように働くのだろうか implicit theory approach を用いて 400 名以上の学生の比較文化的な研究を行った 対象国は日本,中国,アメリカ.「料理」と「教科書」を評定 新奇性が創造性の評定に強く影響していることがわかった アメリカ人よりも中国人のほうが新奇性の操作により大きく左右されていた アメリカ人と日本人にとって適切性は,創造性とそのものの価値の判断に重要であった 新奇性も適切性も共に大きな影響があった. 比較文化的な研究は国家間の違いを同定するというよりむしろ,創造性そのものの理解に 役立つと考えられる Introduction Creativity まず最初に文化の中での創造性がどんなものかを理解しなければならない 一般の人も創造性の研究者もいろいろな意味で使用する 子供の架空の世界,家の装飾,成功した芸術家の作品 最近の西洋の心理学における創造性 新奇で適切なアルゴリズム的ではない問題解決方法を作り出す最も普遍的なもの (Mayer, 1999; アルゴリズム的な創造性については→e.g.,Goldenberg, Mazursky, & Solomon, 1999) 創造性は便利さ(適切性)と独創性または新奇性の両方の側面をもつものである という一般的な見解(e.g.,Amabile, 1983, 1996; Brown, 1989; Mayer, 1999; Mumford & Gustafson, 1988; Stein, 1953). 適切性は有用性と正確さ,価値(e.g., Amabile, 1983),状況に適合していること, 作者の必要性に適合していること(Brown, 1989, p. 11).と定義される. たとえば,厚さ1インチのロールアップテレビができたとしても十分は音声と画像の 質が確保されなければ,新奇ではあっても創造的ではない 創造性と文化 創造性を新奇性と適切性から考えるのは西洋の概念である(Mayer, 1999; Stein, 1953) インドと西洋の創世神話の分析から (Lubart, 1990, 1999) 西洋の神話は始まりと終わりについて書いてあり,インドの神話は連続的な 再構成について 創造性のキーコンセプト

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تاریخ انتشار 2008